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Methodological review and detailed guidance for the life cycle interpretation phase
Author(s) -
Laurent Alexis,
Weidema Bo P.,
Bare Jane,
Liao Xun,
Maia de Souza Danielle,
Pizzol Massimo,
Sala Serenella,
Schreiber Hanna,
Thonemann Nils,
Verones Francesca
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of industrial ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.377
H-Index - 102
eISSN - 1530-9290
pISSN - 1088-1980
DOI - 10.1111/jiec.13012
Subject(s) - credibility , interpretation (philosophy) , soundness , computer science , variety (cybernetics) , life cycle assessment , consistency (knowledge bases) , relevance (law) , task (project management) , management science , risk analysis (engineering) , process management , engineering , systems engineering , artificial intelligence , production (economics) , business , epistemology , programming language , philosophy , political science , law , economics , macroeconomics
Life cycle interpretation is the fourth and last phase of life cycle assessment (LCA). Being a “pivot” phase linking all other phases and the conclusions and recommendations from an LCA study, it represents a challenging task for practitioners, who miss harmonized guidelines that are sufficiently complete, detailed, and practical to conduct its different steps effectively. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. We review available literature describing the life cycle interpretation phase, including standards, LCA books, technical reports, and relevant scientific literature. On this basis, we evaluate and clarify the definition and purposes of the interpretation phase and propose an array of methods supporting its conduct in LCA practice. The five steps of interpretation defined in ISO 14040–44 are proposed to be reorganized around a framework that offers a more pragmatic approach to interpretation. It orders the steps as follows: (i) completeness check, (ii) consistency check, (iii) sensitivity check, (iv) identification of significant issues, and (v) conclusions, limitations, and recommendations. We provide toolboxes, consisting of methods and procedures supporting the analyses, computations, points to evaluate or check, and reflective processes for each of these steps. All methods are succinctly discussed with relevant referencing for further details of their applications. This proposed framework, substantiated with the large variety of methods, is envisioned to help LCA practitioners increase the relevance of their interpretation and the soundness of their conclusions and recommendations. It is a first step toward a more comprehensive and harmonized LCA practice to improve the reliability and credibility of LCA studies.