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Background  Minimal erythema dose (MED) has substantial inter‐ and intraindividual variations, reflecting the influence of very diverse factors. However, related studies showed little consistency probably because of their limited sample size.    Objective  To identify the factors associated with MED variations in a large‐scale population study.    Methods  The  MED  test was performed by following the international standard procedure on 22 146 subjects. The results were analysed in adjusted multivariable linear and logistic regression models.    Results  This large‐scale study revealed that lower  MED  was consistently associated with lighter skin [β‐coefficient = −0.33, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) −0.36 to 0.30,  P  = 6.41 × 10 −84 ]. Females had significantly higher  MED  than male (β = 0.91, 0.32–1.50,  P  = 2.93 × 10 −3 ). Stratified analyses showed that  MED  was not associated with age [female: odds ratio ( OR ) = 0.99, 0.98–1.01; male:  OR  = 0.99, 0.97–1.00].  MED  was lower in summer than in other seasons (spring:  OR  = 1.08, 1.06–1.11; autumn:  OR  = 1.11, 1.08–1.13; winter:  OR  = 1.20, 1.18–1.22). Furthermore,  MED  was associated with air temperature (β = −0.36, −0.49 to 0.23,  P  = 4.81 × 10 −8 ) and air pressure (β = −0.64, −0.82 to 0.46,  P  = 8.01 × 10 −12 ) in summer only while not in other seasons.    Conclusions  This study provides unprecedented evidence that  MED  is associated with skin colour, sex, season and meteorological factors, but not with age.

Identification of factors associated with minimal erythema dose variations in a large‐scale population study of 22 146 subjects