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Aims/Introduction  Natural killer ( NK ) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes critical to human immunity. Previous studies showed correlations between  NK  cell function and blood glucose concentrations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the  NK  cell activity and various metabolic parameters in people with type 2 diabetes, prediabetes and normal glucose tolerance.    Materials and Methods  A total of 49 participants were enrolled in the study. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, C‐peptide, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride,  high‐density lipoprotein  cholesterol and  low‐density lipoprotein  cholesterol were assessed. The 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was carried out for 2‐h postload glucose level. Homeostatic model assessment was calculated for insulin resistance and β‐cell function.  NK  cell activity was measured by detecting the circulating interferon‐gamma level secreted from  NK  cells.    Results   NK  cell activity was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes (768.01 ± 650.35) compared with those with prediabetes (2,396.08 ± 653.76,  P  < 0.001) and  normal glucose tolerance  (2,435.31 ± 633.22,  P  < 0.001). In patients with type 2 diabetes, there was a significant inverse linear relationship between  NK  cell activity and  fasting plasma glucose , glycated hemoglobin, and 2‐h postload glucose level (all  P  < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed glycated hemoglobin to be an independent predictor of  NK  cell activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.    Conclusions  Compared with individuals with  normal glucose tolerance  or prediabetes, type 2 diabetes patients have a reduced  NK  cell activity, and it is significantly related to glucose control.

Relationship between natural killer cell activity and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes