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Aims/Introduction  Xanthine oxidoreductase ( XOR ) is a rate‐limiting enzyme that catalyzes uric acid formation in the purine metabolism, is involved in an increase in reactive oxygen species. Plasma  XOR  activity has been shown to be associated with obesity, smoking, liver dysfunction, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.    Materials and Methods  The association between plasma  XOR  activity, measured by using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and levels of adipokines, including adiponectin, fatty acid‐binding protein 4 ( FABP 4) and fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF 21), was investigated in 282 participants (male/female: 126/156) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study who were not taking medication.    Results  Women had lower plasma  XOR  activity than did men. Smoking habit was associated with increased activity. Plasma  XOR  activity was positively correlated with concentrations of  FABP 4 ( r  = 0.192,  P  < 0.001) and  FGF 21 ( r  = 0.208,  P  < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as an index of insulin resistance and uric acid, and was negatively correlated with adiponectin level ( r  = −0.243,  P  = 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that levels of adiponectin,  FABP 4 and  FGF 21 were independent determinants of plasma  XOR  activity after adjusting age, sex, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. With additional adjustment of smoking habit, the level of  FABP 4, but not that of adiponectin or  FGF 21, remained as an independent predictor of plasma  XOR  activity.    Conclusions  Plasma  XOR  activity was independently associated with levels of adipokines in a general population of individuals not taking medication.

Independent links between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity and levels of adipokines