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Aims/Introduction  Indian individuals are more insulin resistant ( IR ) than Chinese individuals, even among those with a non‐obese body mass index ( BMI ). However,  BMI  often underestimates body fat in Indian individuals, and it remains unclear whether Indians would remain more  IR  than Chinese individuals when both  BMI  and body fat are equally matched.    Materials and Methods  Using the hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp with stable‐isotope infusion, we comprehensively assessed  IR  between 13 non‐obese Indian men with 13 Chinese men matched for age,  BMI  and body fat. We further compared the differences in insulin metabolic clearance rate ( MCR ) between the two groups and its relationship with various metabolic parameters. The response of lipid and amino acid metabolism to insulin stimulation was also evaluated using metabolomic profiling.    Results  The rates of endogenous glucose production during fasting were similar, and endogenous glucose production was completely suppressed during insulin clamp for both ethnic groups. Glucose disappearance during insulin clamp was also similar between the two groups, even after accounting for differences in insulin concentration. Metabolomic profiles of amino acids and various acylcarnitines were similar during both fasting and insulin clamp. However, plasma insulin during clamp was significantly higher in Indian men, indicating that insulin  MCR  was lower. Insulin  MCR  correlated significantly with total adiposity and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.    Conclusion  When equally matched for body fat, non‐obese Indian men had similar skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and endogenous glucose production to Chinese men. The effects of insulin on lipid and amino acid metabolism were also similar. Low insulin  MCR  is associated with greater adiposity and lower skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.

Comprehensive assessment of insulin resistance in non‐obese Asian Indian and Chinese men