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Aims/Introduction  Recent studies suggest that chronic inflammatory responses are important in the development of diabetic nephropathy ( DN ). Various inflammatory and angiogenesis molecules affect the pathogenesis and progression of  DN . Inflammation damages the microcirculation and causes kidney damage. In the present study, we studied changes in interleukin‐8 ( IL ‐8) and soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis ( sTWEAK ) levels in patients with  DN , and investigated the clinical significance of these two inflammatory factors.    Materials and Methods  Participants were categorized into healthy controls ( n  = 30) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( n  = 124). The type 2 diabetes mellitus group was further subdivided into the normoalbuminuria ( n  = 34), microalbuminuria ( MAU  ; n  = 46,) and proteinuria (Ma AU ;  n  = 44,) groups. Patients with  DN  were included in the  MAU  and Ma AU  groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, 2‐h postprandial blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, 24‐h urine microalbumin,  IL ‐8 and  sTWEAK  levels were measured. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with proteinuria.    Results  In the healthy controls, normoalbuminuria,  MAU  and Ma AU  groups, we found that  IL ‐8 levels increased, whereas  sTWEAK  levels decreased ( P  < 0.05).  IL ‐8 might be an independent risk factor and serum  sTWEAK  a protective factor for  MAU  and Ma AU . Serum levels of  sTWEAK ,  IL ‐8 and microalbumin were significantly correlated in the  MAU  and Ma AU  groups.    Conclusions  Serum  IL ‐8 and  sTWEAK  levels might be markers that can be used for an early diagnosis of  DN .

journal of diabetes investigation

Clinical significance of serum interleukin‐8 and soluble tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy