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Aims / Introduction  Gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ) is defined as ‘carbohydrate intolerance of varying degrees of severity with onset or first recognition during pregnancy,’ and is associated with increased fetal and maternal risks. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of  GDM  in Scotland over 32 years (1981–2012), and using the data from 2012, to assess how  GDM  related to maternal body mass index, maternal age, parity, smoking, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, infant gender and macrosomia status.    Materials and Methods   GDM  prevalence along with anthropometric, obstetric and demographic data were collected on a total of 1,891,097 women with a delivery episode between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2012 using data extracted from the Scottish Morbidity Record 02. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken to investigate their association with  GDM .    Results  A ninefold increase in  GDM  prevalence was observed from 1981 to 2012 ( P  < 0.001).  GDM  prevalence in 2012 was 1.9%. Maternal body mass index, age, parity status, Scottish index of multiple deprivation and fetal macrosomia were positively associated with  GDM . Reported smoking status at booking was inversely associated with  GDM . Multivariable analysis showed that fetal macrosomia was not associated with  GDM  status.    Conclusions  The present study confirmed that the reporting of  GDM  is low in Scotland, and that  GDM  is associated with maternal body mass index, maternal age, multiparity and social deprivation.  GDM  was negatively associated with smoking and requires further investigation. The lack of association between  GDM  and macrosomia (following multivariate analysis) might reflect the screening processes undertaken in Scotland.

journal of diabetes investigation

Reported prevalence of gestational diabetes in Scotland: The relationship with obesity, age, socioeconomic status, smoking and macrosomia, and how many are we missing?