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Aims/Introduction  The present study aimed to determine the associations between expressions of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 ( IGF ‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐α ( TNF ‐α) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 ( VEGF  165 ) in serum, and occurrence and development of type 2 diabetic nephropathy ( DN ).    Materials and Methods  A total of 108 patients diagnosed as  DN  were randomly selected, including 50 patients in the microalbuminuria group, 44 patients in the macroalbuminuria group and 14 patients in the renal insufficiency group. Meanwhile, 97 healthy people were collected as a normal control group. Urinary albumin ( UALB ) and urine creatinine (Cr) of all participants were measured for 24 h, with their ratio ( UALB /Cr) being calculated. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum concentrations of  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165 .    Results  The expressions of serum  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  in the type 2  DN  patients were significantly higher than those in the control group (all  P  < 0.05). The expressions of serum  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  in the type 2  DN  patients were positively correlated with  UALB /Cr (all  P  < 0.05). As type 2  DN  worsened, the expressions of serum  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  increased, and type 2  DN  severity had positive correlations with serum  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  concentrations (all  P  < 0.05). There was a positive association between  IGF ‐1 and  TNF ‐α,  IGF ‐1 and  VEGF  165 , and  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  (all  P  < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that  IGF ‐1 and  VEGF  165  were associated with the progression of  DN  (both  P  < 0.05).    Conclusions  Elevated expression levels of serum  IGF ‐1,  TNF ‐α and  VEGF  165  might exacerbate type 2  DN .

journal of diabetes investigation

Elevated expression levels of serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 might exacerbate type 2 diabetic nephropathy