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Aims/Introduction  To investigate the typing for human leukocyte antigen (  HLA  ) class I in Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes as a complement screening for   HLA   class  II .    Materials and Methods  A total of 212 type 1 diabetic patients and 200 healthy controls were enrolled. The genetic polymorphisms of   HLA   class I and  II  were examined with a high‐resolution polymerase chain reaction sequence‐based typing method.    Results  The haplotype,  A*33:03‐B*58:01‐C*03:02(A33) , was associated with type 1 diabetes ( P =  1.0 × 10 −4 , odds ratio 3.2 [1.738–5.843]). The A33‐ DR 3 and A33‐ DR 9 haplotypes significantly enhanced the risk of type 1 diabetes (A33‐  DR 3 , odds ratio 5.1 [2.40–10.78],  P  = 4.0 × 10 −6 ; A33‐  DR 9 , odds ratio 13.0 [1.69–100.32],  P  = 0.004). In type 1 diabetic patients, compared with  A33‐ DR 3 ‐negative carriers,  A33‐ DR 3 ‐positive carriers had significantly lower percentages of  CD 3 +  CD 4 +  T cells (42.5 ± 7.72 vs 37.0 ± 8.35%,  P  = 0.023), higher percentages of  CD 3 +  CD 8 +  T cells (27.4 ± 7.09 vs 32.8 ± 5.98%,  P  = 0.005) and T‐cell receptor α/β T cells (70.0 ± 7.00 vs 73.6 ± 6.25%,  P  = 0.031), and lower  CD 4/ CD 8 ratios (1.71 ± 0.75 vs 1.16 ± 0.35,  P  = 0.003).    Conclusions  It is the first time that the haplotypes  A33‐ DR 3  and  A33‐ DR 9  were found with an enhanced predisposition to type 1 diabetes in Han Chinese.  A33‐ DR 3  was associated with a reduction in the helper‐to‐cytotoxic cell ratio and preferential increase of T‐cell receptor α/β T cell. The typing for   HLA   class I and its immunogenetic effects are important for more accurate   HLA   class  II  haplotype risk prediction and etiology research in type 1 diabetic patients.

HLA ‐A*33‐ DR 3 and A*33‐ DR 9 haplotypes enhance the risk of type 1 diabetes in Han Chinese

HLA ‐A33‐ DR 3 and A33‐ DR 9 haplotypes enhance the risk of type 1 diabetes in Han Chinese