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Aims/Introduction  To investigate the clinical and anthropometrical parameters that are associated with non‐exercise activity thermogenesis that is composed of basal energy expenditure ( BEE ) and diet‐induced thermogenesis ( DIT ) in patients with diabetes.    Materials and Methods  Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance, and  BEE  and  DIT  were measured using indirect calorimetry in 40 Japanese patients with diabetes.    Results   BEE  correlated positively with bodyweight, body mass index, fat mass, and fat‐free mass, and correlated negatively with age in both men and women. In multivariate logistic regression analysis,  BEE  correlated positively with both fat mass and fat‐free mass independently of sex and age. In addition,  DIT  correlated positively with bodyweight, body mass index, fat mass and fat‐free mass, and correlated negatively with age in women, but not men. Fat‐free mass contributed to  DIT  at least partly, and an aging‐related decrease in  DIT  was observed. The best anthropometric parameter that reflected fat mass and fat‐free mass was hip circumference ( HC ) and calf circumference ( CC ), respectively, in both men and women. Indeed, both  HC  (men β = 0.600,  P  < 0.001; women β = 0.752,  P  < 0.001) and  CC  (men β = 0.810,  P  = 0.012; women β = 0.821,  P  = 0.002) were correlated with  BEE  independently of age and sex. In addition,  CC  (β = 0.653,  P  = 0.009), but not  HC  was correlated with  DIT  significantly only in females, independently of age.    Conclusions   HC  reflects fat mass and was positively associated with  BEE , but not with  DIT . In contrast,  CC  reflects fat‐free mass, and was positively associated with  BEE  in both men and women, and with  DIT  in women.

Fat‐free mass and calf circumference as body composition indices to determine non‐exercise activity thermogenesis in patients with diabetes