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Aims/Introduction  To evaluate whether the adiponectin gene is associated with diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) risk and interaction with environmental factors modifies the  DR  risk, and to investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and  DR .    Materials and Methods  Four adiponectin polymorphisms were evaluated in 372  DR  cases and 145 controls. Differences in environmental factors between cases and controls were evaluated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. The model‐free multifactor dimensionality reduction method and traditional multiple regression models were applied to explore interactions between the polymorphisms and environmental factors.    Results  Using the Bonferroni method, we found no significant associations between four adiponectin polymorphisms and  DR  susceptibility. Multivariate logistic regression found that physical activity played a protective role in the progress of  DR , whereas family history of diabetes (odds ratio 1.75) and insulin therapy (odds ratio 1.78) were associated with an increased risk for  DR . The interaction between the C‐11377 G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy might be associated with  DR  risk. Family history of diabetes combined with insulin therapy also increased the risk of  DR . No adiponectin gene polymorphisms influenced the serum adiponectin levels. Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between the  DR  group and non‐ DR  group.    Conclusions  No significant association was identified between four adiponectin polymorphisms and  DR  susceptibility after stringent Bonferroni correction. The interaction between C‐11377G (rs266729) polymorphism and insulin therapy, as well as the interaction between family history of diabetes and insulin therapy, might be associated with  DR  susceptibility.

Gene–environment interaction between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and environmental factors on the risk of diabetic retinopathy