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Aims/Introduction  The present study was designed to investigate from which tissues the decrease in retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression could contribute to the improvement of serum RBP4 and insulin resistance (IR) after endurance training.    Materials and Methods  Male 7‐week‐old Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups including control (C), trained (T), diabetic control ( DC ) and trained diabetic ( TD ). At 8 weeks‐of‐age, diabetes was induced by a high‐fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of low‐dose streptozotocin ( STZ ; 35 mg/kg). Rats in the T and  TD  groups carried out a 7‐week exercise program on a motorized treadmill (15–20 m/min for 20 min/day for 5 weeks), whereas the C and  DC  remained sedentary in their cages. Tissues gene expression and protein levels of  RBP 4 were assessed by using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively, while serum  RBP 4 was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.    Results  Exercise significantly improved  IR  and reduced serum concentration of  RBP 4 in the  TD  group. This reduction of serum  RBP 4 was accompanied by decreased  RBP 4 protein expression in visceral fat tissue. In contrast, exercise had no significant effect on  RBP 4 expression in liver and subcutaneous fat tissue in the  TD  group. Exercise also significantly decreased  RBP 4 gene expression in visceral fat tissue and muscle, whereas the effect of exercise on liver  RBP 4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression was not significant.    Conclusions  The present study showed that the mechanism for  RBP 4 reducing the effect of endurance training could involve decreased  RBP 4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and its protein level in adipose tissue in  STZ ‐induced diabetic rats.

journal of diabetes investigation

Effect of endurance training on retinol‐binding protein 4 gene expression and its protein level in adipose tissue and the liver in diabetic rats induced by a high‐fat diet and streptozotocin