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Aim  To evaluate biological control agents (BCAs) against  Fusarium graminearum  on infected maize stalks as a means to reduce Fusarium head blight (FHB) in subsequently grown wheat.    Methods and Results  In the laboratory, BCAs were applied against  F. graminearum  on maize stalk pieces.  Clonostachys rosea  inhibited the perithecia development and ascospore discharge when applied before, simultaneously with and after the pathogen. In the field, we simulated a system with high disease pressure, that is, a maize‐wheat rotation under no‐tillage, by preparing maize stalks inoculated with  F. graminearum . The infected stalks were treated with formulations of  C. rosea  selected  in vitro  or the commercial BCA strain  Trichoderma atrobrunneum  ITEM908 and exposed to field conditions over winter and spring between winter wheat rows. Monitoring with spore traps and of FHB symptoms, as well as quantification of  F. graminearum  incidence and DNA in harvested grain revealed significant reductions by  C. rosea  by up to 85, 91, 69 and 95% compared with an inoculated but untreated positive control, respectively. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) contents were reduced by up to 93 and 98%, respectively. Treatments with  T. atrobrunneum  were inconsistent, with significant reductions of DON and ZEN under warm and wet climatic conditions only.    Conclusions  The findings support the application of  C. rosea  against  F. graminearum  on residues of maize to suppress the primary inoculum of FHB.    Significance and Impact of the Study  As sustainable agriculture requires solutions to control FHB, hence, the application of  C. rosea  during the mulching of maize crop residues should be evaluated in on‐farm experiments.

From laboratory to the field: biological control of Fusarium graminearum on infected maize crop residues