Coexistence of endometriosis and uterine septum in patients with abortion or infertility

Aim:  To investigate the coexistence of endometriosis and uterine septum patients whose complaints are abortion and infertility. Methods:  Ninety‐two patients with a uterine septum and 191 patients who had undergone diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility were reviewed. The incidence of endometriosis in patients with a uterine septum was compared with patients with a normal uterine cavity; then the incidence of endometriosis was compared in association with having a preoperative diagnosis of presumed unexplained infertility in women with a partial or complete uterine septum. Results:  There was no significant difference between the patients who had a uterine septum and those with a normal cavity in terms of the incidence of endometriosis ( P  = 0.39). Also, the incidence of endometriosis was not significantly different in patients who had a complete or partial uterine septum ( P  = 0.49). Endometriosis was observed in 8.7% of the patients who were presumed to have unexplained infertility in the complete uterine septum group and in 18.8% of the patients in the partial uterine septum group; but the difference was not statistically significant when complete and partial uterine septum groups were compared according to the type of infertility (partial uterine septum group, P  = 0.13; complete uterine septum group, P  = 0.28). Conclusion:  An increased incidence of endometriosis was not observed in patients with a septate uterus. The reason for infertility in women with a partial uterine septum may be related to endometriosis.