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Summary  Induction of tolerance is a key mechanism to maintain or to restore immunological homeostasis. Here we show that Foxp3 +  regulatory T (Treg) cells use Dickkopf‐1 ( DKK ‐1) to regulate T‐cell‐mediated tolerance in the T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune colitis model. Treg cells from  DKK ‐1 hypomorphic  doubleridge  mice failed to control  CD 4 +  T‐cell proliferation, resulting in  CD 4 T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune colitis. Thymus‐derived Treg cells showed a robust expression of  DKK ‐1 but not in naive or effector  CD 4 T cells.  DKK ‐1 expression in Foxp3 +  Treg cells was further increased upon T‐cell receptor stimulation  in vitro  and  in vivo . Interestingly, Foxp3 +  Treg cells expressed  DKK ‐1 in the cell membrane and the functional inhibition of  DKK ‐1 using  DKK ‐1 monoclonal antibody abrogated the suppressor function of Foxp3 +  Treg cells.  DKK ‐1 expression was dependent on  de novo  protein synthesis and regulated by the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway but not by the canonical Wnt pathway. Taken together, our results highlight membrane‐bound  DKK ‐1 as a novel Treg‐derived mediator to maintain immunological tolerance in T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune colitis.

Membrane‐bound Dickkopf‐1 in Foxp3 + regulatory T cells suppresses T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune colitis