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To understand how the information derived from different motor cortical areas representing different body parts is organized in the basal ganglia, we examined the neuronal responses in the subthalamic nucleus ( STN ), and the external ( GP e) and internal ( GP i) segments of the globus pallidus (input, relay and output nuclei, respectively) to stimulation of the orofacial, forelimb and hindlimb regions of the primary motor cortex ( MI ) and supplementary motor area ( SMA ) in macaque monkeys under the awake state. Most  STN  and  GP e/ GP i neurons responded exclusively to stimulation of either the  MI  or  SMA , and one‐fourth to one‐third of neurons responded to both.  STN  neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the  MI  were located along the medial–lateral axis in the posterolateral  STN , while neurons responding to the orofacial region of the  SMA  were located more medially than the others in the anteromedial  STN .  GP e/ GP i neurons responding to the hindlimb, forelimb and orofacial regions of the  MI  were found along the dorsal–ventral axis in the posterolateral  GP e/ GP i, and neurons responding to the corresponding regions of the  SMA  were similarly but less clearly distributed in more anteromedial regions. Moreover, neurons responding to the distal and proximal forelimb  MI  regions were found along the lateral–medial axis in the  STN  and the ventral–dorsal axis in the  GP e/ GP i. Most  STN  and  GP e/ GP i neurons showed kinaesthetic responses with similar somatotopic maps. These observations suggest that the somatotopically organized inputs from the  MI  and  SMA  are well preserved in the  STN  and  GP e/ GP i with partial convergence.

european journal of neuroscience

Information processing from the motor cortices to the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus and their somatotopic organizations revealed electrophysiologically in monkeys