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Interneurons ( IN s) of the hippocampus exert versatile inhibition on pyramidal cells by silencing the network at different oscillation frequencies. Although  IN  discharge can phase‐lock to various rhythms in the hippocampus, under high‐frequency axon firing, the boutons may not be able to follow the fast activity. Here, we studied Ca 2+  responses to action potentials ( AP s) in single boutons using combined two‐photon microscopy and patch clamp electrophysiology in three types of  IN s: non‐fast‐spiking ( NFS ) neurons showing cannabinoid 1 receptor labelling and dendrite targeting, fast‐spiking partially parvalbumin‐positive cells synapsing with dendrites ( DFS ), and parvalbumin‐positive cells with perisomatic innervation ( PFS ). The increase in [Ca 2+ ] i  from  AP  trains was substantially higher in  NFS  boutons than in  DFS  or  PFS  boutons. The decay of bouton Ca 2+  responses was markedly faster in  DFS  and  PFS  cells compared with  NFS  neurons. The bouton‐to‐bouton variability of  AP ‐evoked Ca 2+  transients in the same axon was surprisingly low in each cell type. Importantly, local responses were saturated after shorter trains of  AP s in  NFS  cells than in  PFS  cells. This feature of fast‐spiking neurons might allow them to follow higher‐frequency gamma oscillations for a longer time than  NFS  cells. The function of  NFS  boutons may better support asynchronous  GABA  release. In conclusion, we demonstrate several neuron‐specific Ca 2+  transients in boutons of  NFS ,  PFS  and  DFS  neurons, which may serve differential functions in hippocampal networks.

Phenotype‐dependent Ca 2+ dynamics in single boutons of various anatomically identified GABA ergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus