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Aim  This study investigates the relationship between basal insulin regimen and glycaemic outcomes 12 months after skills‐based structured education in the  UK  Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating ( DAFNE ) programme for Type 1 diabetes mellitus.    Method  Retrospective analysis of data from 892  DAFNE  participants from 11  UK  centres.    Results  Mean HbA 1c  12 months after  DAFNE  was lower in those using twice‐ rather than once‐daily basal insulin after correcting for differences in baseline HbA 1c , age and duration of diabetes; difference –2 (95%  CI  –3 to –1) mmol/mol [–0.2 (–0.3 to –0.1)%],  P  = 0.009. The greatest fall in HbA 1c  of –5 (–7 to –3) mmol/mol [–0.4 (–0.6 to –0.3)%],  P  < 0.001 occurred in those with less good baseline control, HbA 1c  ≥ 58 mmol/mol, who switched from once‐ to twice‐daily basal insulin. There was no difference in the 12‐month HbA 1c  between users of glargine, detemir and  NPH  insulin after correcting for other variables. Relative risk of severe hypoglycaemia fell by 76% and ketoacidosis by 63% 12 months after  DAFNE . The rate of severe hypoglycaemia fell from 0.82 to 0.23 events/patient year in twice‐daily basal insulin users. In the group with greatest fall in HbA 1c , the estimated relative risk for severe hypoglycaemia in twice‐daily basal insulin users versus once daily at 12 months was 1.72 (0.88–3.36,  P  = 0.110).    Conclusion  After structured education in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, use of basal insulin twice rather than once daily was associated with lower HbA 1c , independent of insulin type, with significant reductions in severe hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis in all groups.

diabetic medicine

Twice‐ rather than once‐daily basal insulin is associated with better glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes mellitus 12 months after skills‐based structured education in insulin self‐management