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Comparisons of the characteristics between the influenza  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 and common seasonal influenza are important for both clinical management and epidemiological studies. However, the differences between pandemic and seasonal influenza during the post‐pandemic period are poorly understood.    Objectives  The aim of our research was to investigate clinical and immune response differences between patients with influenza  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 pneumonia and seasonal influenza  A  ( H3N2 ) pneumonia in the post‐pandemic period.    Methods  During the first flu season in post‐pandemic period, patients from  B eijing  N etwork for  A dult  C ommunity‐ A cquired  P neumonia present  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 or  A  ( H3N2 ) influenza were compared concurrently in the aspects of clinical characteristics and inflammatory profile in acute phase.    Result  Patients with  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 influenza pneumonia showed a close mean age to  A  ( H 3 N 2) pneumonia (51 ± 20 vs 53 ± 16, mean ± standard deviation, years) but tended to have more underlying diseases (32.8% vs 10%,   P   = 0.036). Although clinical characteristics were similar, no statistical difference were found in pneumonia severity index ( PSI ) score or intensive care unit admission rate or mortality, patients in  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 cohort present higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase, lactase dehydrogenase (  P   = 0.006, 0.018, respectively) in blood and also longer duration of fever than  A  ( H3N2 ) cohort. Levels of interleukin ( IL )‐10 and  IL ‐12 (p70) were higher in  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 cohort (  P   = 0.031, 0.047, respectively).    Conclusios  During the first post‐pandemic flu season, patients with the  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 pneumonia showed similar clinical characteristics but slightly higher disease severity and stronger systemic inflammatory response than  A  ( H3N2 ) pneumonia.

the clinical respiratory journal

Influenza pneumonia among adolescents and adults: a concurrent comparison between influenza  A  ( H1N1 ) pdm09 and  A  ( H3N2 ) in the post‐pandemic period