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Sensitization and cross‐reactivity patterns of contact allergy to diisocyanates and corresponding amines: investigation of diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate, diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine, dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate, and dicylohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine
Author(s) -
Hamada Haneen,
Bruze Magnus,
Zimerson Erik,
Isaksson Marléne,
Engfeldt Malin
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
contact dermatitis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.524
H-Index - 96
eISSN - 1600-0536
pISSN - 0105-1873
DOI - 10.1111/cod.12809
Subject(s) - reactivity (psychology) , diphenylmethane , chemistry , diamine , amine gas treating , isocyanate , sensitization , hexamethylene diisocyanate , polyurethane , organic chemistry , medicine , catalysis , immunology , alternative medicine , pathology
Summary Background Isocyanates are used in polyurethane production. Dermal exposure to isocyanates can induce contact allergy. The most common isocyanate is diphenylmethane diisocyanate used for industrial purposes. The isomer diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (4,4′‐ MDI ) is used in patch testing. Diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine (4,4′‐ MDA ) is its corresponding amine. Concurrent reactions to 4,4′‐ MDI and 4,4′‐ MDA have been reported, as have concurrent reactions to 4,4′‐ MDI and dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (4,4′‐ DMDI ). Objectives To investigate the sensitization capacities and the cross‐reactivity of 4,4′‐ MDI , 4,4′‐ MDA , 4,4′‐ DMDI , and dicyclohexylmethane‐4,4′‐diamine (4,4′‐ DMDA ). Methods The guinea‐pig maximization test ( GPMT ) was used. Results The GPMT showed sensitizing capacities for all investigated substances: 4,4′‐ MDI , 4,4′‐ MDA , 4,4′‐ DMDI , and 4,4′‐ DMDA (all p < 0.001). 4,4′‐ MDI ‐sensitized animals showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐ MDA ( p < 0.001) and 4,4′‐ DMDI (all p < 0.05). 4,4′‐ MDA ‐sensitized animals showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐ DMDA ( p = 0.008). Conclusion All of the investigated substances were shown to be strong sensitizers. Animals sensitized to 4,4′‐ MDI showed cross‐reactivity to 4,4′‐ MDA and 4,4′‐ DMDI , supporting previous findings in the literature. The aromatic amine 4,4′‐ MDA showed cross‐reactivity to the aliphatic amine 4,4′‐ DMDA .