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Summary   Background  Approximately 1–3% of the adult population in Europe is allergic to chromium ( Cr ). A new restriction in  REACH  (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) based on the  ISO  17075 standard has recently been adopted in the  EU  to limit  Cr ( VI ) in consumer and occupational leather products.    Objectives  The aim of this study was to critically assess key experimental parameters in this standard on the release of  Cr ( III ) and  Cr ( VI ) and their relevance for skin exposure.    Material and methods  Four differently tanned, unfinished, leather samples were systematically investigated for their release of  Cr ( III ) and  Cr ( VI ) in relation to surface area, key exposure parameters, temperature, ultraviolet irradiation, and time.    Results  Although the total release of  Cr  was largely unaffected by all investigated parameters, except exposure duration and temperature, the  Cr  oxidation state was highly dynamic, with reduced amounts of released  Cr ( VI ) with time, owing to the simultaneous release of reducing agents from the leather. Significantly more  Cr ( III ) than  Cr ( VI ) was released from the  Cr ‐tanned leather for all conditions tested, and it continued to be released in artificial sweat up to at least 1 week of exposure.    Conclusions  Several parameters were identified that influenced the outcome of the  ISO  17075 test.

Chromium released from leather – I: exposure conditions that govern the release of chromium( III ) and chromium( VI )