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Summary  The heterogeneous insular cortex plays an interoceptive role in drug addiction by signaling the availability of drugs of abuse. Here, we tested whether the caudal part of the multisensory posterior insula ( PI ) stores somatosensory‐associated rewarding memories. Using Sprague Dawley rats as subjects, we first established a morphine‐induced conditioned place preference ( CPP ) paradigm, mainly based on somatic cues. Secondly, an electrolytic lesion of the caudal portion of the  PI  was carried out before and after the establishment of  CPP , respectively. Our data demonstrated that the caudal  PI  lesions disrupted the maintenance, but not the acquisition of morphine‐induced  CPP . Lesion or subtle disruption of the  PI  had no major impact on locomotor activity. These findings indicate that the caudal portion of the  PI  might be involved in either the storage or the retrieval of morphine  CPP  memory.

The caudal part of the posterior insula of rats participates in the maintenance but not the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference