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Phylogenetic relationships of H amadryas ( N ymphalidae: B iblidinae) based on the combined analysis of morphological and molecular data
Author(s) -
GarzónOrduña Ivonne J.,
MariniFilho Onildo,
Johnson Steve G.,
Penz Carla M.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
cladistics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.323
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1096-0031
pISSN - 0748-3007
DOI - 10.1111/cla.12021
Subject(s) - phylogenetic tree , biology , sister group , monophyly , tree (set theory) , phylogenetics , evolutionary biology , zoology , genetics , clade , combinatorics , gene , mathematics
Abstract A new phylogenetic hypothesis for the N eotropical butterfly genus H amadryas , based on the combination of a morphological matrix, one mitochondrial ( COI ) and four nuclear markers ( CAD , R p S 5, EF 1a, and W ingless), is presented. Results from analyses of the molecular evidence are compared with a previously published morphological phylogeny. Molecular data and the analysis of the complete dataset support the monophyly of H amadryas and most sister groups suggested by morphological data alone. The addition of DNA sequences to the morphological matrix helped define species groups for which no morphological synapomorphies were found. Partitioned Bremer support indicates that COI , CAD , and morphology were consistently in agreement with the combined evidence tree. In contrast, signal from the nuclear markers R ps5, EF 1a, and W ingless showed indifference at most levels of the tree, and minor conflict at nodes solving the relationships between species groups. Though resolved, the combined evidence tree shows low resample values, particularly among species groups whose relationships were characterized by short internodes. A reassessment about the pattern of character change for sound production is presented and discussed.