Open AccessDevelopment of humanized mouse with patient‐derived xenografts for cancer immunotherapy studies: A comprehensive review
Author(s) -
Jin KeTao,
Du WenLin,
Lan HuanRong,
Liu YuYao,
Mao ChunSen,
Du JinLin,
Mou XiaoZhou
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
cancer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 1347-9032
DOI - 10.1111/cas.14934
Subject(s) - immunotherapy , context (archaeology) , cancer , medicine , cancer immunotherapy , humanized mouse , immune system , drug development , personalized medicine , computational biology , precision medicine , clinical trial , cancer research , immunology , bioinformatics , drug , biology , pharmacology , pathology , paleontology
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, however, not all tumor types and patients are completely responsive to this approach. Establishing predictive pre‐clinical models would allow for more accurate and practical immunotherapeutic drug development. Mouse models are extensively used as in vivo system for biomedical research. However, due to the significant differences between rodents and human, it is impossible to translate most of the findings from mouse models to human. Pharmacological development and advancing personalized medicine using patient‐derived xenografts relies on producing mouse models in which murine cells and genes are substituted with their human equivalent. Humanized mice (HM) provide a suitable platform to evaluate xenograft growth in the context of a human immune system. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the generation and application of HM models. We also reviewed new insights into the basic mechanisms, pre‐clinical evaluation of onco‐immunotherapies, current limitations in the application of these models as well as available improvement strategies. Finally, we pointed out some issues for future studies.