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The number of documented long noncoding  RNA s (lnc RNA s) has dramatically increased, and their biological functions and underlying mechanisms in pathological processes, especially cancer, remain to be elucidated. Actin filament‐associated protein 1 antisense  RNA  1 ( AFAP 1‐ AS 1) is a 6810‐nt lnc RNA  located on chromosome 4p16.1 that was first reported to be upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues and cell lines. Here we reported that  AFAP 1‐ AS 1, recruiting and binding to lysine‐specific demethylase 1 ( LSD 1), was generally overexpressed in human non‐small‐cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) tissues using quantitative real‐time  PCR . Higher  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size ( P  = .008), lymph node metastasis ( P  = .025), higher  TNM  stage ( P  = .024), and worse overall survival in  NSCLC  patients. In vitro experiments revealed that  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 downregulation inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis;  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 knockdown also hindered tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic investigations including  RNA  immunoprecipitation and ChIP assays validated that  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 repressed  HMG  box‐containing protein 1 ( HBP 1) expression by recruiting  LSD 1 to the  HBP 1 promoter regions in  PC ‐9 and H1975 cells. Furthermore,  HBP 1 functions as a tumor suppressor, and its ectopic expression hindered cell proliferation. Rescue assays determined that the oncogenic effect of  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 is partially dependent on the epigenetic silencing of  HBP 1. In conclusion, our results indicate that  AFAP 1‐ AS 1 is carcinogenic and that the  AFAP 1‐ AS 1/ LSD 1/ HBP 1 axis could constitute a new therapeutic direction for  NSCLC .

cancer science

Long noncoding  RNA  actin filament‐associated protein 1 antisense  RNA  1 promotes malignant phenotype through binding with lysine‐specific demethylase 1 and repressing  HMG  box‐containing protein 1 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer