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Activation of transforming growth factor β ( TGF ‐β) combined with persistent hypoxia often affects the tumor microenvironment. Disruption of cadherin/catenin complexes induced by these stimulations yields aberrant extracellular matrix ( ECM ) production, characteristics of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ( EMT ). Hypoxia‐inducible factors ( HIF ), the hallmark of the response to hypoxia, play differential roles during development of diseases. Recent studies show that localization of cadherin/catenin complexes at the cell membrane might be tightly regulated by protein phosphatase activity. We aimed to investigate the role of stabilized  HIF ‐1α expression by protein phosphatase activity on dissociation of the E‐cadherin/β‐catenin complex and aberrant  ECM  expression in lung cancer cells under stimulation by  TGF ‐β. By using lung cancer cells treated with  HIF ‐1α stabilizers or carrying doxycycline‐dependent  HIF ‐1α deletion or point mutants, we investigated the role of stabilized  HIF ‐1α expression on  TGF ‐β‐induced  EMT  in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms were determined by inhibition of protein phosphatase activity. Persistent stimulation by  TGF ‐β and hypoxia induced  EMT  phenotypes in H358 cells in which stabilized  HIF ‐1α expression was inhibited. Stabilized  HIF ‐1α protein expression inhibited the  TGF ‐β‐stimulated appearance of  EMT  phenotypes across cell types and species, independent of de novo vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGFA ) expression. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity abrogated the  HIF ‐1α‐induced repression of the  TGF ‐β‐stimulated appearance of  EMT  phenotypes. This is the first study to show a direct role of stabilized  HIF ‐1α expression on inhibition of  TGF ‐β‐induced  EMT  phenotypes in lung cancer cells, in part, through protein phosphatase activity.

cancer science

Repressive role of stabilized hypoxia inducible factor 1α expression on transforming growth factor β‐induced extracellular matrix production in lung cancer cells