Open AccessImmune infiltration in renal cell carcinoma
Author(s) -
Zhang Shichao,
Zhang Erdong,
Long Jinhua,
Hu Zuquan,
Peng Jian,
Liu Lina,
Tang Fuzhou,
Li Long,
Ouyang Yan,
Zeng Zhu
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
cancer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 1347-9032
DOI - 10.1111/cas.13996
Subject(s) - hazard ratio , immune system , renal cell carcinoma , medicine , chromophobe cell , immunotherapy , carcinoma , proportional hazards model , oncology , clear cell renal cell carcinoma , confidence interval , cancer research , immunology , clear cell
Immune infiltration of tumors is closely associated with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma ( RCC ). Tumor‐infiltrating immune cells ( TIIC s) regulate cancer progression and are appealing therapeutic targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of TIIC s in RCC and further reveal the independent prognostic values of TIIC s. CIBERSORT , an established algorithm, was applied to estimate the proportions of 22 immune cell types based on gene expression profiles of 891 tumors. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of TIIC s and immune checkpoint modulators with overall survival ( OS ). We found that CD 8+ T cells were associated with prolonged OS (hazard ratio [ HR ] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [ CI ].01‐.53; P = 0.03) in chromophobe carcinoma ( KICH ). A higher proportion of regulatory T cells was associated with a worse outcome ( HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.23‐.06; P < 0.01) in renal clear cell carcinoma ( KIRC ). In renal papillary cell carcinoma ( KIRP ), M1 macrophages were associated with a favorable outcome ( HR = .43, 95% CI .25‐.72; P < 0.01), while M2 macrophages indicated a worse outcome ( HR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.45‐4.47; P < 0.01). Moreover, the immunomodulator molecules CTLA 4 and LAG 3 were associated with a poor prognosis in KIRC , and IDO 1 and PD ‐L2 were associated with a poor prognosis in KIRP . This study indicates TIIC s are important determinants of prognosis in RCC meanwhile reveals potential targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy development.