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Androgen receptor ( AR ), an androgen‐activated transcription factor, belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily.  AR  plays an important role in the development and progression of prostate cancer ( PC a). However, the role of  AR  in  PC a metastasis is not fully understood. To investigate the role of  AR  in  PC a metastasis, we examined  AR  expression level in primary and metastatic  PC a by analyzing gene array data of 378 primary prostate tumors and 120 metastatic prostate tumors from Oncomine, as well as carrying out immunohistochemical ( IHC ) staining of 56 prostate cancer samples. Expression of  mRNA  and protein of  AR  as well as its target gene prostate‐specific antigen ( PSA ) was much higher in metastatic prostate tumors than in primary prostate tumors. Knockdown of  AR  with si RNA  or treating with anti‐androgen Casodex reduced migration and invasion ability of C4‐2B  PC a cells. Knockdown of  AR  increased protein expression of E‐cadherin and  AR  coregulator  KAT 5 but reduced expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition ( EMT ) marker proteins Slug, Snail,  MMP ‐2, vimentin, and β‐catenin. Knockdown of  KAT 5 increased migration of C4‐2B cells, whereas overexpression of  KAT 5 suppressed cell migration.  KAT 5 knockdown rescues the suppressive effect of  AR  knockdown on migration of C4‐2B cells. Gene expression level of  AR  and  KAT 5 showed a negative correlation.  PC a patients with higher  AR  expression or lower  KAT 5 expression correlated with shorter recurrence‐free survival. Our study suggested that elevation of  AR  expression and  AR  signaling in prostate tumors promotes  PC a metastasis by induction of  EMT  and reduction of  KAT 5.

Elevation of androgen receptor promotes prostate cancer metastasis by induction of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and reduction of KAT 5