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Liver kinase B1 (  LKB 1 ) as a tumor suppression gene that is associated with various kinds of cancers, including lung cancer. In this study, we found that the effect of   LKB  1 on tumor growth was dependent on its subcellular expression in A549 and  HCC 827 cells. Full‐length   LKB 1  decreased the proliferation and clonogenicity of A549‐ LKB 1 and  HCC 827‐ LKB 1 cells, but increased their apoptosis. Opposite effects were observed in A549‐ LKB 1 s  and  HCC 827‐ LKB 1 S  cells that overexpressed truncated   LKB 1  without the nuclear localization sequence. The truncated cytoplasmic   LKB 1  enhanced the growth of implanted tumors in vivo. The truncated cytoplasmic   LKB 1  promoted autophagy, which was independent of  AMP ‐activated protein kinase and  mTOR  signaling in A549 and  HCC 827 cells. Further characterization indicated that higher levels of cytoplasmic   LKB 1  expression were associated with advanced  TNM  stage and reduced overall survival (OS) in 190 patients with adenocarcinoma. In contrast, high nuclear expression of   LKB 1  is associated with early  TNM  stage and longer  OS . The high level of cytoplasmic   LKB 1  expression was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma. Together, our results revealed that cytoplasmic   LKB 1  promotes the growth of lung adenocarcinoma and could be a prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma.

Cytoplasmic liver kinase B1 promotes the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma by enhancing autophagy