Open AccessExosome‐mediated regulation of tumor immunology
Author(s) -
Seo Naohiro,
Akiyoshi Kazunari,
Shiku Hiroshi
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cancer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 1347-9032
DOI - 10.1111/cas.13735
Subject(s) - microvesicles , exosome , cytotoxic t cell , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , stromal cell , biology , ctl* , immune system , cancer research , immunology , cd8 , microrna , in vitro , gene , biochemistry
Exosomes are representative extracellular vesicles ( EV ) derived from multivesicular endosomes ( MVE ) and have been described as new particles in the communication of neighborhood and/or distant cells by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and nucleotides including micro (mi) RNA s. Exosomes from immune cells and tumor cells act in part as a regulator in tumor immunology. CD 8 + T cells that show potent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells reside as an inactive naïve form in the T‐cell zone of secondary lymphoid organs. Once receiving tumor‐specific antigenic stimulation by dendritic cells ( DC ), CD 8 + T cells are activated and differentiated into effector CTL . Subsequently, CTL circulate systemically, infiltrate into tumor lesions through the stromal neovasculature where mesenchymal stromal cells, for example, mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC ) and cancer‐associated fibroblasts ( CAF ), abundantly exist, destroy mesenchymal tumor stroma in an exosome‐mediated way, go into tumor parenchyma, and attack tumor cells by specific interaction. DC ‐derived and regulatory T (Treg) cell‐derived exosomes, respectively, promote and inhibit CTL generation in this setting. In this review, we describe the roles of exosomes from immune cells and tumor cells on the regulation of tumor progression.