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In a previous study, we found that  DNAJB 8, a heat shock protein ( HSP ) 40 family member is expressed in kidney cancer stem‐like cells ( CSC )/cancer‐initiating cells ( CIC ) and that it has a role in the maintenance of kidney  CSC / CIC . Heat shock factor ( HSF ) 1 is a key transcription factor for responses to stress including heat shock, and it induces  HSP  family expression through activation by phosphorylation. In the present study, we therefore examined whether heat shock ( HS ) induces  CSC / CIC . We treated the human kidney cancer cell line  ACHN  with  HS , and found that  HS  increased side population ( SP ) cells. Western blot analysis and  qRT ‐ PCR  showed that  HS  increased the expression of  DNAJB 8 and  SOX 2. Gene knockdown experiments using si RNA s showed that the increase in  SOX 2 expression and  SP  cell ratio depends on  DNAJB 8 and that the increase in  DNAJB 8 and  SOX 2 depend on  HSF 1. Furthermore, treatment with a mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) inhibitor, temsirolimus, decreased the expression of  DNAJB 8 and  SOX 2 and the ratio of  SP  cells. Taken together, the results indicate that heat shock induces  DNAJB 8 by activation of  HSF 1 and induces cancer stem‐like cells.

Cellular stress induces cancer stem‐like cells through expression of DNAJB 8 by activation of heat shock factor 1