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Chemotherapy has improved the prognosis of patients with sarcomas. However, it may suppress anti‐tumor immunity. Recently, we reported a novel  CD 8 +  memory T cell population with a chemo‐resistance property, “young memory” T ( T YM  ) cells. In this study, we investigated the proportion and function of  T YM   cells in peripheral blood of healthy donors and sarcoma patients who received chemotherapy and those who did not. The proportion of  T YM   cells was significantly decreased in patients compared with that in healthy donors. In healthy donors, anti‐ EBV CTL s were induced using mixed lymphocyte peptide culture, from not only  T YM   cells but also  T CM   and  T EM   cells. No  CTL s directed to tumor‐associated antigens were induced. In sarcoma patients who did not receive chemotherapy, in addition to anti‐ EBV CTL s,  CTL s directed to the tumor‐associated antigen  PBF  were induced from  T YM  ,  T CM   and  T EM   cells. In sarcoma patients who received chemotherapy,  EBV ‐specific  CTL s were induced from  T YM   cells but were hardly induced from  T EM   cells. Interestingly,  CTL s directed to the anti‐tumor‐associated antigen  PBF  were induced from  T YM   cells but not from the  T CM   and  T EM   cells in sarcoma patients who received chemotherapy. The findings suggest that  T YM   cells are resistant to chemotherapy and can firstly recover from the nadir.  T YM   cells might be important for immunological memory, especially in sarcoma patients receiving chemotherapy.

Implication of chemo‐resistant memory T cells for immune surveillance in patients with sarcoma receiving chemotherapy