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Immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment has been reported to participate in the therapeutic efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, we reported that liposomal encapsulation of oxaliplatin (l‐ OHP ) within  PEG ylated liposomes conferred a superior antitumor efficacy to free l‐ OHP  in murine colorectal carcinoma‐bearing mice through permitting preferential accumulation of the encapsulated drug within tumor tissue. However, the contribution of the immune‐modulatory properties of liposomal l‐ OHP  and/or free l‐ OHP  to the overall antitumor efficacy was not elucidated. In the present study, therefore, we investigated the effect of liposomal encapsulation of l‐ OHP  within  PEG ylated liposomes on the antitumor immunity in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. Liposomal l‐ OHP  significantly suppressed the growth of tumors implanted in immunocompetent mice, but not in immunodeficient mice. In immunocompetent mice, liposomal l‐ OHP  increased the tumor  MHC ‐1 level and preserved antitumor immunity through decreasing the number of immune suppressor cells, including regulatory T cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and tumor‐associated macrophages, which collectively suppress  CD 8 +  T cell‐mediated tumor cells killing. In contrast, free l‐ OHP  ruined antitumor immunity. These results suggest that the antitumor efficacy of liposomal l‐ OHP  is attributed, on the one hand, to its immunomodulatory effect on tumor immune microenvironment that is superior to that of free l‐ OHP , and on the other hand, to its direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells.

Modulation of antitumor immunity contributes to the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of liposomal oxaliplatin in mouse model