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Tripartite motif 44 ( TRIM 44) is one of the  TRIM  family proteins that are involved in ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins by modulating E3 ubiquitin ligases.  TRIM 44 overexpression has been observed in various cancers. However, its association with testicular germ cell tumor ( TGCT ) is unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical significance of  TRIM 44 and its function in  TGCT . High expression of  TRIM 44 was significantly associated with α feto‐protein levels, clinical stage, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor ( NSGCT ), and cancer‐specific survival ( P =  0.0009,  P =  0.0035,  P =  0.0004, and  P =  0.0140, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that positive  TRIM 44  IR  was an independent predictor of cancer‐specific mortality ( P =  0.046). Gain‐of‐function study revealed that overexpression of  TRIM 44 promoted cell proliferation and migration of  NTERA 2 and  NEC 8 cells. Knockdown of  TRIM 44 using si RNA  promoted apoptosis and repressed cell proliferation and migration in these cells. Microarray analysis of  NTERA 2 cells revealed that tumor suppressor genes such as   CADM 1 ,   CDK 19 , and   PRKACB   were upregulated in  TRIM 44‐knockdown cells compared to control cells. In contrast, oncogenic genes including  C3 AR 1 ,   ST 3 GAL 5 , and   NT 5E  were downregulated in those cells. These results suggest that high expression of  TRIM 44 is associated with poor prognosis and that  TRIM 44 plays significant role in cell proliferation, migration, and anti‐apoptosis in  TGCT .

A novel prognostic factor TRIM44 promotes cell proliferation and migration, and inhibits apoptosis in testicular germ cell tumor