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The immunological significance of autophagy in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. To explore the relationship between autophagy and anti‐tumor immune responses, we investigated the expression of autophagy‐related proteins and infiltration of immune cells using immunohistochemistry ( IHC ). The expression of three representative autophagy components,  LC 3, Beclin‐1 and p62/ SQSTM 1, as well as the number of dendritic cells ( DC ), T cells and  NK  cells were examined by  IHC  in 74 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC ). The relationship between the expression of autophagy‐associated molecules and various clinicopathological parameters was also evaluated. The expression of both  LC 3 and p62/ SQSTM 1 in the peripheral site significantly correlated with an increase in the infiltration of T cells. Furthermore, the expression of p62/ SQSTM 1 and Beclin‐1 correlated with that of  HLA  class I and class  II  in tumor cells, respectively. In addition, several unfavorable clinicopathological parameters correlated with an increase in the expression of  LC 3 in the peripheral site. The correlation observed between  LC 3 or p62/ SQSTM 1 and the infiltration of T cells suggests that autophagy may actively mobilize immune cells toward the cancer bed. Meanwhile, the three autophagy‐associated proteins examined were linked to malignant potential and an unfavorable prognosis.

Immunological significance of the accumulation of autophagy components in oral squamous cell carcinoma