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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p DC s) play important roles in the immune escape of cancer. In this study, we investigated p DC s and p DC ‐induced inducible costimulator ( ICOS ) +  Treg populations in peripheral blood from gastric cancer ( GC ) patients and healthy donors by flow cytometry. The distribution of these cells in carcinoma tissue, peritumor tissue, and normal gastric mucosa was detected by immunohistochemistry. Plasma and tissue concentration of the cytokines such as interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β1 were also measured. We found that the numbers of p DC s, Tregs, and  ICOS  +  Tregs in peripheral blood were increased in  GC  patients compared with healthy donors. In tissue, Tregs and  ICOS  +  Tregs were found distributing mainly in carcinoma tissue, whereas p DC s were mainly found in peritumor tissue. Moreover, the Foxp3 +  ICOS  + /Foxp3 +  cell ratio in carcinoma and peritumor tissue were higher than that in normal tissue. There were more  ICOS  +  Tregs in tumor and peritumor tissue of late‐stage  GC  patients. There was a positive correlation between p DC s and  ICOS  +  Tregs in peripheral blood and peritumor tissue from  GC  patients. In conclusion, p DC s may play a potential role in recruiting  ICOS  +  Tregs, and both participate in the immunosuppression microenvironment of  GC .

cancer science

Role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and inducible costimulator‐positive regulatory T cells in the immunosuppression microenvironment of gastric cancer