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Patient‐reported outcome measures ( PROM s) are important tools used to understand patient‐focused outcomes from care. Various  PROM s have been developed for patients with bladder cancer ( BC ), although the disease's heterogeneity makes selection difficult. Accurate measurement of health‐related quality of life ( HRQL ) can only be achieved if the  PROM  chosen is ‘fit for purpose’ (i.e. psychometrically sound). Systematic reviews of psychometric properties are useful for selecting the best  PROM  for a specific purpose. The  CO nsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments ( COSMIN ) developed a checklist to improve the selection of health measurement instruments as part of a review process. Our aims were to undertake a systematic review, using the  COSMIN  criteria, to assess the quality of studies that report the psychometric properties of  PROM s used with people with  BC  and determine the psychometric quality of these  PROM s. An electronic search of seven databases including PubMed,  MEDLINE  and  EMBASE  ( PROSPERO  reference  CRD 42016051974) was undertaken to identify English language publications, published between January 1990 and September 2017 that evaluated psychometric properties of  PROM s used in  BC  research. Two researchers independently screened abstracts and selected full‐text papers. Studies were rated on methodological quality using the  COSMIN  checklist. Overall, 4663 records were screened and 23 studies, reporting outcomes in 3568 patients, were evaluated using the  COSMIN  checklist. Most  PROM s had limited information reported about their psychometric properties. Studies reporting on the Bladder Cancer Index ( BCI ) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index ( FACT ‐ VCI ) provided the most detail and these  PROM s could be evaluated on the most  COSMIN  properties. Based on the available evidence, no existing  PROM  stands out as the most appropriate to measure  HRQL  in  BC  populations. This is due to two factors; (i) the heterogeneity of  BC  and its treatments (ii) no  PROM  was evaluated on all  COSMIN  measurement properties due to a lack of validation studies. We suggest future evaluation of generic, cancer generic and  BC ‐specific  PROM s to better understand their application with  BC  populations and propose strategies to help clinicians and researchers.

bju international

Evaluating patient‐reported outcome measures ( PROM s) for bladder cancer: a systematic review using the  CO nsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments ( COSMIN ) checklist