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Prevalence and contributing factors to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A study of five‐ to fifteen‐year‐old children in Z habei D istrict, S hanghai
Author(s) -
Jin Wenlan,
Du Yasong,
Zhong Xiangyang,
David Coghill
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
asia‐pacific psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.654
H-Index - 21
eISSN - 1758-5872
pISSN - 1758-5864
DOI - 10.1111/appy.12114
Subject(s) - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , residence , prevalence , socioeconomic status , medicine , attention deficit , cluster sampling , psychiatry , demography , pediatrics , epidemiology , population , environmental health , sociology
This work aims to understand the features among 5‐ to 15‐year‐old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) in Z habei D istrict in S hanghai. Methods Children with ADHD were studied using general background questionnaire, ADHD symptom rating questionnaire, and cluster‐stratified sampling. A total of 9,900 valid questionnaires were utilized in this study. We conducted diagnostic interviews with suspected ADHD children and their parents using the criteria of the D iagnostic and S tatistical M anual of M ental D isorders (4th Edition) for ADHD . Results The prevalence rate of ADHD among the children was 4.6%, of which 2.4%, 0.4%, and 1.8% had ADHD ‐ I ADHD‐HI , and ADHD ‐ C types, respectively. The prevalence rates in boys and girls were 6.6% and 2.7% (ratio, 2.41 : 1), respectively. Significant differences in prevalence rate were found among children with different age groups and ADHD types. Children aged 7–10 years had the highest prevalence rate (6.3%). Externally, residence children had higher prevalence than local residents. Significant differences in prevalence rate were also found among children with parents having different educational and socioeconomic level. Discussion The prevalence of ADHD‐HI was higher than the other two types. The highest prevalence was observed in 7‐ to 10‐year‐old children. The influential factors of ADHD prevalence were age, gender, and educational level.