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Intraocular cytokine profile and autoimmune reactions in retinitis pigmentosa, age‐related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract
Author(s) -
ten Berge Josianne C.,
Fazil Zainab,
Born L. Ingeborgh,
Wolfs Roger C. W.,
Schreurs Marco W. J.,
Dik Wim A.,
Rothova Aniki
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/aos.13899
Subject(s) - medicine , macular degeneration , ophthalmology , glaucoma , cytokine , pathogenesis
Purpose To analyse intraocular cytokine levels and prevalence of intraocular antiretinal antibodies ( ARA s) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa ( RP ), age‐related macular degeneration ( AMD ), glaucoma and cataract, and correlate the results to clinical manifestations. Methods We collected intraocular fluid samples from patients with RP ( n = 25), AMD ( n = 12), glaucoma ( n = 28) and cataract ( n = 22), and serum samples paired with the intraocular fluids from patients with RP ( N = 7) and cataract ( n = 10). Interleukin ( IL )‐1 β , IL ‐1ra, IL ‐2, IL ‐6, IL ‐6r α , IL ‐7, IL ‐8, IL ‐10, IL ‐17A, IL ‐23, thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine ( TARC ), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 ( MCP ‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha ( TNF ‐ α ), placental growth factor (Pl GF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were measured using a multiplex assay. Antiretinal antibodies (ARA) detection was performed by indirect immunofluorescence. Results Increasing age was associated with increasing levels of IL ‐6, IL ‐8, TNF ‐ α and VEGF . All patient groups exhibited distinct profiles of intraocular cytokines. Intraocular levels of IL ‐8 were highest in patients with AMD and glaucoma. Cataract patients exhibited high intraocular levels of IL ‐23. Intraocular levels of IL ‐2, IL ‐6, MCP ‐1 and Pl GF in RP patients exceeded the levels of serum, indicating intraocular production. Intraocular ARA s were found in only one patient with AMD . Conclusion Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in intraocular fluid of patients with originally noninflammatory ocular diseases show that intraocular inflammation is involved in their pathogenesis of these entities. Moreover, we show that increasing age is associated with increasing levels of intraocular cytokines and conclude that future studies on intraocular mediators should be corrected for age of patients.