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Purpose  To analyse intraocular cytokine levels and prevalence of intraocular antiretinal antibodies ( ARA s) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa ( RP ), age‐related macular degeneration ( AMD ), glaucoma and cataract, and correlate the results to clinical manifestations.    Methods  We collected intraocular fluid samples from patients with  RP  ( n  = 25),  AMD  ( n  = 12), glaucoma ( n  = 28) and cataract ( n  = 22), and serum samples paired with the intraocular fluids from patients with  RP  ( N  = 7) and cataract ( n  = 10). Interleukin ( IL )‐1 β ,  IL ‐1ra,  IL ‐2,  IL ‐6,  IL ‐6r α ,  IL ‐7,  IL ‐8,  IL ‐10,  IL ‐17A,  IL ‐23, thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine ( TARC ), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 ( MCP ‐1), tumour necrosis factor‐alpha ( TNF ‐ α ), placental growth factor (Pl GF ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) were measured using a multiplex assay. Antiretinal antibodies (ARA) detection was performed by indirect immunofluorescence.    Results  Increasing age was associated with increasing levels of  IL ‐6,  IL ‐8,  TNF ‐ α  and  VEGF . All patient groups exhibited distinct profiles of intraocular cytokines. Intraocular levels of  IL ‐8 were highest in patients with  AMD  and glaucoma. Cataract patients exhibited high intraocular levels of  IL ‐23. Intraocular levels of  IL ‐2,  IL ‐6,  MCP ‐1 and Pl GF  in  RP  patients exceeded the levels of serum, indicating intraocular production. Intraocular  ARA s were found in only one patient with  AMD .    Conclusion  Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in intraocular fluid of patients with originally noninflammatory ocular diseases show that intraocular inflammation is involved in their pathogenesis of these entities. Moreover, we show that increasing age is associated with increasing levels of intraocular cytokines and conclude that future studies on intraocular mediators should be corrected for age of patients.

Intraocular cytokine profile and autoimmune reactions in retinitis pigmentosa, age‐related macular degeneration, glaucoma and cataract