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Background  Fatty acid‐binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a cytosolic carrier protein of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and regulates cellular metabolism. However, the physiological functions of FABP3 in immune cells and how FABP3 regulates inflammatory responses remain unclear.    Methods  Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by 2,4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and fluorescein isothiocyanate was applied to the skin wild‐type and  Fabp3  −/−  mice. Skin inflammation was assessed using FACS, histological, and qPCR analyses. The development of γ/δ T cells was evaluated by a co‐culture system with OP9/Dll1 cells in the presence or absence of transgene of FABP3.    Results  Fabp3‐deficient mice exhibit a more severe phenotype of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) accompanied by infiltration of IL‐17‐producing Vγ4 +  γ/δ T cells that critically control skin inflammation. In  Fabp3  −/−  mice, we found a larger proportion of Vγ4 +  γ/δ T cells in the skin, even though the percentage of total γ/δ T cells did not change at steady state. Similarly, juvenile  Fabp3  −/−  mice also contained a higher amount of Vγ4 +  γ/δ T cells not only in the skin but in the thymus when compared with wild‐type mice. Furthermore, thymic double‐negative (DN) cells expressed FABP3, and FABP3 negatively regulates the development of Vγ4 +  γ/δ T cells in the thymus.    Conclusions  These findings suggest that FABP3 functions as a negative regulator of skin inflammation through limiting pathogenic Vγ4 +  γ/δ T‐cell generation in the thymus.

Fatty acid‐binding protein 3 controls contact hypersensitivity through regulating skin dermal Vγ4 + γ/δ T cell in a murine model