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Problem  To determine whether amniotic fluid ( AF )  CXCL 10 concentration is associated with histologic chronic chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm labor ( PTL ) and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes ( PROM ).    Method of Study  This study included 168 women who had an episode of  PTL  or preterm  PROM .  AF  interleukin (IL)‐6 and  CXCL 10 concentrations were determined by immunoassay.    Results  (i) Increased  AF CXCL 10 concentration was associated with chronic ( OR : 4.8; 95%  CI : 1.7‐14), but not acute chorioamnionitis; (ii) increased  AF IL ‐6 concentration was associated with acute ( OR : 4.2; 95%  CI : 1.3‐13.7) but not chronic chorioamnionitis; and (iii) an increase in  AF CXCL 10 concentration was associated with placental lesions consistent with maternal anti‐fetal rejection ( OR : 3.7; 95%  CI : 1.3‐10.4). (iv) All patients with elevated  AF CXCL 10 and  IL ‐6 delivered preterm.    Conclusion  Increased  AF CXCL 10 concentration is associated with chronic chorioamnionitis or maternal anti‐fetal rejection, whereas increased  AF IL ‐6 concentration is associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis.

CXCL 10 and IL ‐6: Markers of two different forms of intra‐amniotic inflammation in preterm labor