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Background and Aims  Alcohol taxes reduce population‐level excessive alcohol use and alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality, yet little is known about the distribution of the effects of alcohol taxation across race/ethnicity and age subgroups. We examined the race/ethnicity‐ and age group‐specific effects of an excise alcohol tax increase on a common and routinely collected alcohol‐related morbidity indicator, sexually transmitted infections.    Methods  We used an interrupted time series design to examine the effect of a 2009 alcohol tax increase in  I llinois,  USA  on new cases of two common sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia and gonorrhea) reported to the  US N ational  N otifiable  D isease  S urveillance  S ystem from  J anuary 2003 to  D ecember 2011 ( n  = 108 repeated monthly observations). We estimated the effects of the tax increase on infection rates in the general population and within specific race/ethnicity and age subgroups using mixed models accounting for temporal trends and median income.    Results  Following the Illinois alcohol tax increase, state‐wide rates of gonorrhea decreased 21% [95% confidence Interval ( CI ) = −25.7, −16.7] and chlamydia decreased 11% [95%  CI  = −17.8, −4.4], resulting in an estimated 3506 fewer gonorrhea infections and 5844 fewer chlamydia infections annually. The null hypothesis of homogenous effects by race/ethnicity and age was rejected ( P  < 0.0001). Significant reductions were observed among non‐ H ispanic blacks: gonorrhea rates decreased 25.6% (95%  CI  = −30.0, −21.0) and chlamydia rates decreased 14.7% (95%  CI  = −20.9, −8.0). Among non‐ H ispanics, point estimates suggest decreases were highest among 25–29‐year‐olds.    Conclusions  Increased alcohol taxes appear to reduce sexually transmitted infections, especially among subpopulations with high disease burdens, such as non‐ H ispanic blacks.

Heterogeneous population effects of an alcohol excise tax increase on sexually transmitted infections morbidity