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Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder associate with addiction
Author(s) -
Reginsson Gunnar W.,
Ingason Andres,
Euesden Jack,
Bjornsdottir Gyda,
Olafsson Sigurgeir,
Sigurdsson Engilbert,
Oskarsson Hogni,
Tyrfingsson Thorarinn,
Runarsdottir Valgerdur,
Hansdottir Ingunn,
Steinberg Stacy,
Stefansson Hreinn,
Gudbjartsson Daniel F.,
Thorgeirsson Thorgeir E.,
Stefansson Kari
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
addiction biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.445
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1369-1600
pISSN - 1355-6215
DOI - 10.1111/adb.12496
Subject(s) - bipolar disorder , addiction , psychiatry , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , polygenic risk score , medicine , odds ratio , psychosis , clinical psychology , alcohol use disorder , nicotine , research diagnostic criteria , psychology , alcohol , mood , single nucleotide polymorphism , genotype , genetics , biochemistry , chemistry , gene , biology
Abstract We use polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) to predict smoking, and addiction to nicotine, alcohol or drugs in individuals not diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Using PRSs for 144 609 subjects, including 10 036 individuals admitted for in‐patient addiction treatment and 35 754 smokers, we find that diagnoses of various substance use disorders and smoking associate strongly with PRSs for SCZ ( P = 5.3 × 10 −50 –1.4 × 10 −6 ) and BPD ( P = 1.7 × 10 −9 –1.9 × 10 −3 ), showing shared genetic etiology between psychosis and addiction. Using standardized scores for SCZ and BPD scaled to a unit increase doubling the risk of the corresponding disorder, the odds ratios for alcohol and substance use disorders range from 1.19 to 1.31 for the SCZ‐PRS, and from 1.07 to 1.29 for the BPD‐PRS. Furthermore, we show that as regular smoking becomes more stigmatized and less prevalent, these biological risk factors gain importance as determinants of the behavior.