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Background  Uncertainty after the detection of pulmonary nodules (PNs) can cause psychological burden. We designed this study to quantitatively evaluate the prevalence, severity and possible impact of this burden on the preference of patients for management of nodules.    Methods  The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate psychological burden in patients. An independent  t ‐test and a Mann–Whitney U test were used to determine the significance of differences between groups in continuous variables. A chi‐square test was used to determine the significance of difference between groups in categorical variables.    Results  A total of 334 inpatients diagnosed with PNs were included in the study. A total of 17.96% of the participates screened positive for anxiety and 14.67% for depression. Female patients had significantly higher positive rates of both anxiety and depression screenings than male patients (21.57% vs. 12.31%,  p  = 0.032 and 18.05% vs. 9.30%,  p  = 0.028, respectively). Among patients screened positive for anxiety, the proportion of those who chose more aggressive management was significantly higher (34/60 vs. 113/274,  p  = 0.029). The rate of benign or precursor disease resected was significantly higher in patients with more aggressive management (46.94% vs. 9.63%,  p  &lt; 0.01).    Conclusions  Anxiety and depression are common in Chinese patients with PNs. Patients with positive HADS anxiety screening results are more likely to adopt more aggressive management that leads to a higher rate of benign or precursor disease resected/biopsied. This study alerts clinicians to the need to assess and possibly treat emotional responses.

A cross‐sectional study of psychological burden in Chinese patients with pulmonary nodules: Prevalence and impact on the management of nodules