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Background  tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) have been found to play a regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many tumors. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of tRFs in breast cancer and their ability to serve as diagnostic markers for breast cancer.    Methods  Total RNA was extracted from breast cancer and paracancerous tissues ( n  = 83), as well as from the sera of breast cancer patients ( n  = 214) and healthy donors ( n  = 113) using trizol reagents. Expression of tRFs was then detected by q‐PCR, and analyzed using  t ‐test and ROC to illuminate their potential as biomarkers for breast cancer.    Results  Our results demonstrated that tRFs: tRF‐Gly‐CCC‐046, tRF‐Tyr‐GTA‐010 and tRF‐Pro‐TGG‐001 were downregulated in both tissues and sera from breast cancer patients as well as early‐stage patients compared with those in the healthy donors. More importantly, the three tRFs were capable of serving as circulating biomarkers of diagnostics and early diagnosis of breast cancer, possessing areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.7871 and 0.7987, respectively.    Conclusions  tRFs: tRF‐Gly‐CCC‐046, tRF‐Tyr‐GTA‐010 and tRF‐Pro‐TGG‐001 are downregulated in breast cancer and early breast cancer and act as new potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and early diagnosis of breast cancer.

tRNA ‐derived fragments: tRF‐Gly‐CCC ‐046, tRF‐Tyr‐GTA ‐010 and tRF‐Pro‐TGG ‐001 as novel diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer