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Background  Studies regarding the outcomes of salvage lung resections of epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR )‐mutant advanced lung adenocarcinomas (ALAs) following treatment with  EGFR  tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are limited, hence the objective of this study was to investigate such outcomes.    Methods  A total of 29 patients with  EGFR ‐mutant ALA who underwent salvage surgery after  EGFR ‐TKI treatment from October 2013 through January 2019 were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical indications. Their perioperative parameters and surgical outcomes, including progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were then analyzed.    Results  The initial stages of the patients were stage IIIB (seven patients), IVA (17 patients), and IVB (five patients). Their surgical indications included residual tumor (25 patients) and progressive disease (PD) (four patients). They all underwent surgery via minimally invasive approaches and the median follow‐up was 33.9 months. Within that follow‐up duration, the median PFS after surgery was 36.4 months, and the median OS was still not reached. There were no significant differences in PFS or OS according to the different  EGFR ‐TKIs used, the different durations of  EGFR ‐TKI treatment before surgery, or the different surgical indications. However, the patients presenting with pleural seeding before  EGFR ‐TKI treatment had significantly poorer PFS and OS than the other patients ( P  < 0.001).    Conclusions  Salvage surgery following  EGFR ‐TKI treatment of ALAs is a safe procedure with acceptable intra‐ and postoperative results. However, studies involving more cases and longer follow‐up periods are needed to clarify its benefits.    Key points    Salvage surgery following EGFR‐TKI treatment of ALAs is a safe procedure with acceptable intra‐ and postoperative results.  Our results support the use of surgery following treatment with EGFR‐TKIs such as afatinib in advanced lung cancer.

Outcomes of salvage lung resections in advanced EGFR ‐mutant lung adenocarcinomas under EGFR TKIs