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Background  This study was conducted to investigate the exchange protein directly activated by c AMP  ( E pac1),  PDE 4, and  PKC  expression in breast cancer tissues, and the correlation between these proteins and  AKAP 95,  C x43, cyclin  D 2, and cyclin  E 1.    Methods   PV ‐9000 two‐step immunohistochemistry was used to analyze protein expression.    Results  The positive rate of  E pac1 protein expression in breast cancer tissues (58%) was higher than in para‐carcinoma tissues (10%) ( P  < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of  PDE 4 and  PKC  expression between breast cancer and para‐carcinoma tissues ( P  > 0.05). The positive expression rate of  PDE 4 was higher in the  P 53 protein positive group compared to the  P 53 negative group ( P  < 0.05). Correlations between  E pac1 and cyclin  D 2,  PDE 4 and cyclin  D 2,  AKAP 95 and  PKC ,  C x43 and  PKC,  and cyclin  D 2 and  PKC  proteins were observed ( P  < 0.05).    Conclusion   E pac1 expression in breast cancer tissues was increased, suggesting that the protein may be involved in the development of breast cancer. Correlations between  E pac1 and cyclin  D 2,  PDE 4 and cyclin  D 2,  AKAP 95 and  PKC ,  C x43 and  PKC , and cyclin  D 2 and  PKC  proteins suggested synergistic effects among these proteins in the development of breast cancer.

Epac1, PDE 4, and PKC protein expression and their association with AKAP 95, C x43, and cyclin D 2/ E 1 in breast cancer tissues