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Background  Xuanwei district in  Y unnan  P rovince has the highest incidence of lung cancer in  C hina, especially among non‐smoking women. Cruciferous vegetables can reduce lung cancer risk by prompting a protective mechanism against respiratory tract inflammation caused by air pollution, and are rich in sulforaphane, which can induce changes in gene expression. We investigated the effect of sulforaphane‐induced apoptosis in  X uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line (XWCL‐05) to explore the value of sulforaphane in lung cancer prevention and treatment.    Methods  Cell growth inhibition was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay; cell morphology and apoptosis were observed under transmission electron microscope; cell cycle and apoptosis rates were detected using flow cytometry;  B‐cell lymphoma  2 ( B cl‐2) and  B cl‐2‐like protein 4 ( B ax) messenger  RNA  expression were determined by quantitative  PCR ; and p53, p73, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis  (PUMA) ,  B ax,  B cl‐2, and caspase‐9 protein expression were detected by  W estern blotting.    Results  Sulforaphane inhibited  XWLC ‐05 cell growth with inhibitory concentration ( IC ) 50  of 4.04, 3.38, and 3.02 μg/m L  at 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Sulforaphane affected the  XWLC ‐05 cell cycle as cells accumulated in the  G 2/ M  phase. The proportion of apoptotic cells observed was 27.6%. Compared with the control, the sulforaphane group showed decreased  B cl‐2 and p53 expression, and significantly increased p73,  PUMA ,  B ax, and caspase‐9 protein expression ( P  < 0.05).    Conclusion  Sulforaphane induces  X uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell apoptosis. Its possible mechanism may involve the upregulation of p73 expression and its effector target genes   PUMA   and  Bax  in lung cancer cells, downregulation of the anti‐apoptotic gene   B   cl  ‐2 , and activation of caspase‐9. It may also involve downregulation of the mutant p53 protein.

Sulforaphane‐induced apoptosis in X uanwei lung adenocarcinoma cell line XWLC ‐05