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Background  Adjuvant chemotherapy ( ACT ) can reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival after surgical resection in non‐small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) patients. We explore the optimal time from surgery to initiation of  ACT  in Chinese patients with stage  IIIA NSCLC .    Methods  Patients pathologically diagnosed with  IIIA NSCLC  who underwent radical surgery were included in this study. The cut‐off point of time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy ( TTAC ) was determined by maximally selected log‐rank statistics. Patients were divided into two groups according to the  TTAC  cut‐off point. Propensity score matching ( PSM ) was used to eliminate confounding variables, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the impact of  TTAC  on disease‐free survival ( DFS ).    Results  The cut‐off time was 46 days from surgery to the first  ACT . Prior to  PSM,  baseline characteristic variables were balanced with no statistical difference between the groups, except for pathologic subtype and smoking history. No difference in  DFS  was found between the two groups prior to  PSM  ( P  = 0.529); after  PSM , the median  DFS  was consistent between the two ( P  = 0.822). N2 lymph node station involvement was an independent factor associated with poor survival compared with patients with N0 lymph node involvement. Moderate differentiation and postoperative radiotherapy could improve survival; however,  TTAC  was not significantly correlated with  DFS . Subgroup analyses showed no significant correlation between  DFS  and different  TTAC  programs.    Conclusion  No survival difference was obtained as to when  ACT  was initiated for patients with stage  IIIA NSCLC .

thoracic cancer

Exploration of optimal time for initiating adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection: A retrospective study in Chinese patients with stage  IIIA  non‐small cell lung cancer in a single center