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Background  To investigate whether the response to induction chemotherapy ( IC ) would impact the timing of thoracic radiotherapy ( TRT ) in limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer ( LS‐SCLC ).    Methods  A total of 146 patients with  LS‐SCLC  who had received two to six cycles of  IC  followed by  TRT  from  J anuary 2009 to  D ecember 2011 at our hospital were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups based on the time  TRT  was administered: early  TRT  (administered after 2–3 cycles of chemotherapy) or late  TRT  (administered after 4–6 cycles). Overall survival ( OS ) and progression‐free survival ( PFS ) were analyzed using the  K aplan‐ M eier method.  M ultivariate  C ox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent factors affecting survival.    Results  The median  OS  for patients who received early  TRT  and late  TRT  was 29.0 and 19.9 months, respectively, ( P  = 0.018) and the median  PFS  was 18.5 and 13.8 months, respectively ( P  = 0.049). In patients who achieved complete remission ( CR ) or partial remission ( PR ) after two to three cycles of  IC , the median  OS  was 36.1 and 22.5 months in the early and late  TRT  subgroups, respectively ( P  = 0.009); the corresponding median  PFS  was 20.2 and 13.8 months, respectively ( P  = 0.038). In the patients who did not achieve  CR  or  PR , no statistic difference was found in  OS  or  PFS  between the two subgroups.    Conclusion  Patients who received early  TRT  had more favorable outcomes than those who received late  TRT . Patients who achieved  CR  or  PR  after two to three cycles of  IC  obtained more benefit from early  TRT .

Does the response to induction chemotherapy impact the timing of thoracic radiotherapy for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer?